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Textual Criticism and Qur’ān Manuscripts
''Textual Criticism and Qur’ān Manuscripts'' is a 2011 book on the textual criticism of the Quran by Keith E. Small, a researcher and lecturer at the Centre for Islamic Studies and Muslim–Christian Relations at the London School of Theology.
==Content==
The book is an application of "reasoned eclecticism" to a small portion of the Quran: 14:35–41. The book contains four parts: 1) chapters one and two covering the introduction and photographs and descriptions of the manuscripts used; 2) chapters three through eight describing the textual variants in the manuscripts; 3) chapters nine through eleven which includes comparisons of these variants with Islamic records of variants, and discussing possible causes of the variants, including unintentional mistakes in oral transmission or intentional changes; 4) a concluding, twelfth chapter.
Small concludes that a critical text of the Quran cannot currently be constructed. He says, "...the available sources do not provide the necessary information for reconstructing the original text of the Qur’ān from the time of Muhammad. Neither do they yet provide the necessary information for reconstructing the text from the time immediately after Muhammad's death until the first official edition of the Qur’ān attributed to have been ordered by the Caliph ‘Uthmān". Fred Donner interprets Small's work as showing "that there was a very early attempt to establish a uniform consonantal text of the Qurʾān from what was probably a wider and more varied group of related texts in early transmission. () After the creation of this standardized canonical text, earlier authoritative texts were suppressed, and all extant manuscripts—despite their numerous variants—seem to date to a time after this standard consonantal text was established." Donner also says though that Small's conclusions are tentative, because analogous work on larger passages of the Quran may give different results.
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